{"id":2060,"date":"2020-09-08T05:55:03","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T05:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/peykmagazine.com\/en\/?p=2060"},"modified":"2020-09-08T06:01:33","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T06:01:33","slug":"will-facts-matter-in-this-election","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/peykmagazine.com\/en\/2020\/09\/08\/will-facts-matter-in-this-election\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Facts Matter in this Election?"},"content":{"rendered":"

There is a difference between facts and the truth. A fact is something that is indisputable because it can be objectively proven or disproven; for example, the print in this article is black. The truth is more expansive; it may contain facts, but is also an opinion or value judgment. For example, the print in this article is black, but the truth is, I prefer blue print. In an advanced modern democracy, facts should inform truth, not the other way around. Because without facts, \u201ctruth\u201d is at the mercy of \u201canecdote, sentiment or prejudice\u201d rather than information that can be validated.1<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

We used to get our facts from institutions and sources we trusted, such as newspapers, scientific and research studies, higher education establishments, network news, independent watchdog groups, and even governmental oversight committees. But trust in these pillar institutions has declined over a period of time, beginning to hit all-time lows around 20092<\/sup>. Instead, people are turning to proliferating cable news talk shows and all corners of the internet for information. As Sophia Rosenfeld, author of Democracy and Truth: A Short History<\/i>, has stated, the internet \u201cis particularly important because of its reach and because of the algorithmic way in which it promotes what\u2019s popular rather than what\u2019s true. It creates a culture of untruth, probably, that other forms of publishing can\u2019t easily.\u201d3<\/sup> Journalist George Packer, writing in The Atlantic<\/i>, sees the problem we face today as \u201ctoo much information from too many sources, with a resulting plague of fragmentation and division\u2014not excessive authority but its disappearance, which leaves ordinary people to work out the facts for themselves, at the mercy of their own prejudices and delusions.\u201d4<\/sup> Manipulative and ill-intentioned actors have played to these prejudices with wanton abandon, flooding the internet with their version of \u201ctruth,\u201d telling people what to believe without first providing the facts. As such, facts are being lost, ignored, or relegated to the status of \u201copinion.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The magnitude of the current fact versus truth divide\u2014and its consequences\u2014hit me like a ton of bricks on the night Donald Trump won the last election as president. Somewhere from the recesses of my memory I recalled the first line of George Orwell\u2019s novel, 1984<\/i>: \u201cIt was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.\u201d The election had not been normal, the candidate was not normal, and now that he was president, nothing would be normal again. The feeling of surrealism that arrested me was not, as Trump supporters accused, a bad case of sour grapes or being a sore loser, it was the much scarier realization that the most prized underpinnings of our democracy\u2014objective facts and the truth\u2014had been vanquished by a force I was struggling to comprehend. A force of which Trump was merely a symptom. <\/span><\/p>\n

I was not being na\u00efve; all politicians can, and do, lie or strategically mislead. But the sheer quantity of proven<\/i> lies and misinformation perpetrated by Trump, and his petulant doubling-down on them when confronted, was unprecedented even before the election. For example, he said Americans paid the highest taxes in the world. Official statistics readily showed this was not true. He said he opposed the Iraq war. Audio evidence proved he favored the invasion at the time. He spent time and money trying to persuade people that Barack Obama was born in Africa, and then he said Hillary Clinton started the rumor. Trump said he was popular among African Americans, and that 81% of white homicide victims were killed by black people. The polls showed he only had 7% support among African Americans and, according to PolitiFact, whites killed 82% of white homicide victims. The list goes on and on. Fact-checkers\u2019 heads were spinning; they began working in real-time on TV during debates. Politico reported that 70% of Trump\u2019s statements were \u201cmostly false,\u201d \u201cfalse,\u201d or \u201cpants on fire.\u201d1<\/sup> One reporter said, \u201cTrying to fact-check Trump feels like beating your hands against a stone wall until they bleed.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Although, by contrast, 28% of Hillary Clinton\u2019s statements were rated in the false range by Politico, Americans on the whole continued to believe Trump was more \u201chonest and trustworthy\u201d than Clinton.2 <\/sup><\/p>\n

Hence my channeling of George Orwell on election night; words like \u201cDoublethink\u201d and \u201cNewspeak\u201d were popping back into my head, and I began to wonder if the type of post-truth \u201creality\u201d we had all seen unfolding in the election was what Orwell had been warning us about. I revisited the book, this time awed by the author\u2019s genius. I was not alone. Seventy-one years after its publication, copies of 1984<\/i> began flying off bookstore shelves and hit the best-seller lists. Like me, many of the 65,853,514 people in this country who did not vote for Trump were trying to make sense of what just happened.<\/p>\n

Many have described the last four years as \u201cOrwellian.\u201d We have heard Trump say things with our own ears and seen him do things with our own eyes that he later denied saying or doing. We have witnessed him glibly dismissing facts out of hand through jingoistic retorts of \u201cfake news,\u201d without accounting for the contradictory evidence. White House \u201ccounselor\u201d Kellyanne Conway\u2019s \u201calternative facts\u201d have kept on coming. The mode of communication for Trump\u2019s \u201cofficial\u201d statements has been normalized into substance-less, word-limited Twitter rants. And yet, people who are our co-workers, family members, friends, and neighbors continue to believe him when he says things like, \u201cWhat you\u2019re seeing and what you\u2019re reading is not what\u2019s happening.\u201d Cue Orwell: \u201cThe party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command.\u201d Whereas I had never grasped the poignancy of 1984<\/i>\u2019s protagonist Winston\u2019s statement that, \u201cFreedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four,\u201d I understand it all too well now.<\/p>\n

While the problem goes beyond party politics, its proliferation is a direct result of right-wing conservative hawks having made better use of the current information chaos than moderates and liberals. Journalist David Roberts states, \u201cThe right not only commands the highest rated cable news network and an army of supportive online media outlets, it is spending millions on Facebook, Tik-Tok, 4chan, 8chan, and God knows what other online swamps [think Q-Anon], targeting messages where their audiences are rather than futilely attempting to reach them through the Washington Post.\u201d5<\/sup> Roberts\u2019 observation aligns with a post-election Harvard study looking at the effects of online media on voters, and concluding, \u201cThe leading media on the right and left are rooted in different traditions and journalistic practices. On the conservative side, more attention was paid to pro-Trump, highly partisan media outlets. On the liberal side, by contrast, the center of gravity was made up largely of long-standing media organizations steeped in the traditions and practices of objective journalism.\u201d6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Such use of partisan media by the right has led to what Roberts calls \u201ctribal epistemology.\u201d4 <\/sup>Epistemology, as he explains, \u201cis the branch of philosophy that has to do with knowing and coming to know things \u2014 what counts as true, what counts as evidence, how we accumulate knowledge, and the like.\u201d Conservatives have been able to cultivate and expand a propaganda machine that \u201cmimic[s] the form of mainstream media, think tanks, and the academy, but [is] . . . designed to [exclusively] advance the interests of the right [the tribe], to tell stories and produce facts that support the tribe.\u201d Critical thinking is, in this way, reduced to only accepting facts as true if they are \u201cgood for our tribe,\u201d and being a part of the tribe \u201cbecomes the primary determinant of who to trust.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

We saw the mechanism of tribalism on full display during the impeachment hearings: \u201cAnyone who says anything contrary to the tribe marks themselves as an enemy of the tribe . . .; enemies of the tribe cannot be trusted, so their testimony or evidence can be ignored. Thus, by definition, nothing that questions the tribal narrative can be trusted.\u201d4<\/sup> Having created this environment, all Trump and his supporters (Russia being a formidable example) have to do in the face of inconvenient facts is to flood the media with \u201can army of bots, trolls, and shitposters, to inject accusations, lies, and conspiracy theories into the public dialogue,\u201d and simultaneously attack independent media outlets and others as enemies of the people.4<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

We need to understand what the conservatives already know; chaos is key, madness is method, when it comes to Trump and Trumpism.\u00a0 <\/span>Roberts states the condition better than I ever could: \u201cIn an information fog filled with vexed uncertainty, people will either tune out, revert to their tribal affiliations, or both. They will seek a strong leader who offers simple certainties and a clear account of who is to blame for the chaos.\u201d4<\/sup><\/p>\n

So back to my question: Will facts matter enough in this election to vote out Trump and, more importantly, Trumpism? A glimmer of hope lies in studies that show persistent fact-checking does have some impact on mis- or dis-informed voters. If the polls are to be trusted, Trump is trailing Biden in voter support. Perhaps the current pandemic has, itself, been the mother of all fact-checkers, the choice between life and death elbowing out the manipulations of anything in between, forcing enough voters to choose life over membership in the Trump tribe. No one can tell what the result will be, and many are braced for an Orwellian-style fight by Trump to stay in power should Biden win. One thing is for sure; the very survival of our democracy is at stake.<\/p>\n

\n
    \n
  1. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2017\/jan\/19\/crisis-of-statistics-big-data-democracy<\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/assessing-america-s-information-crisis-david-roberts-podcast-transcript-ncna943701<\/li>\n
  3. https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/q-and-a\/does-democracy-need-truth-a-conversation-with-the-historian-sophia-rosenfeld<\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2019\/07\/1984-george-orwell\/590638\/<\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/11\/16\/20964281\/impeachment-hearings-trump-america-epistemic-crisis<\/li>\n
  6. https:\/\/cyber.harvard.edu\/publications\/2017\/08\/mediacloud<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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